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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Asian diversity in human immune cells.

Kian Hong Kock1, Le Min Tan1, Kyung Yeon Han2

  • 1Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore.

Cell
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA) reveals how sub-continental diversity, age, and sex impact immune cell properties. This single-cell reference atlas aids precision medicine for diverse Asian populations.

Keywords:
eQTLgenetic diversitygeneticsgenomicshealthy baselinehuman diversityimmune cellsprecision medicinesingle-cell RNA sequencingsub-continental diversity

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Human diversity's link to biomedical traits is significant but understudied in single-cell genomics.
  • A comprehensive reference atlas for Asian immune cells is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create the Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA), a single-cell RNA sequencing reference atlas of healthy human immune cells.
  • To investigate the impact of sub-continental diversity, age, and sex on immune cell properties.
  • To identify functional genetic variants influencing immune cell gene expression in diverse Asian populations.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 1,265,624 circulating immune cells from 619 donors across 7 Asian population groups.
  • Analysis of differential cell abundance, gene expression, and cell neighborhoods.
  • Identification and contextualization of functional genetic variants impacting cell-type-specific gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Sub-continental diversity, age, and sex significantly influenced immune cell abundance, gene expression, and cellular neighborhoods.
  • Discovered functional genetic variants affecting cell-type-specific gene expression, with some under-represented in non-Asian populations.
  • AIDA provides a valuable resource for understanding immune cell variation and disease associations in multi-ancestry datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The Asian Immune Diversity Atlas (AIDA) highlights the pervasive influence of fine-grained human diversity on immune cell characteristics.
  • AIDA facilitates precision medicine by providing insights into genetic variations and their impact on immune responses in Asian populations.
  • This atlas serves as a critical resource for multi-ancestry disease research and the development of targeted health interventions.