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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
07:28

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor

Published on: July 24, 2012

Spinal Cord Injury in the 21st Century Part II: Deficiencies in Data.

Angelica Alvarez Reyes1, Sruti Bandlamuri1, Travis M Dumont1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traditional databases fail to identify spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation (SCIwoFD). New SCI-specific registries are needed to accurately track this growing patient population.

Keywords:
CD-10 codeCentral cord syndromeIncomplete spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma surgery
  • Neurology
  • Health informatics

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation (SCIwoFD) is increasingly common.
  • Previous research identified SCIwoFD as the most frequent spinal cord injury at a level I trauma center.
  • Traditional search methods may not effectively identify SCIwoFD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of ICD-10 codes for SCIwoFD.
  • To determine if SCIwoFD patients can be identified using institutional and national databases.
  • To compare SCIwoFD identification rates with traditional spinal cord injury (SCI) databases.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed ICD-10 codes for SCIwoFD patients at an institutional level.
  • Queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2015-2019) for SCIwoFD and traditional SCI cases.
  • Compared patient identification rates between the institutional database, NIS, and previous findings.

Main Results:

  • Institutional ICD-10 codes for SCIwoFD were inaccurate, with cervicalgia (33%) and cervical spinal stenosis (21%) being most common.
  • The NIS database identified SCIwoFD in only 15% of cases, contrasting with 82% in the institutional cohort.
  • SCI with fracture/dislocation comprised 85% of NIS cases, indicating underrepresentation of SCIwoFD in national data.

Conclusions:

  • Neither institutional nor national databases (NIS) can reliably identify patients with SCIwoFD.
  • Accurate identification of SCIwoFD requires dedicated, SCI-specific registries.
  • Registries are essential for developing best practices for this emerging demographic of SCI.