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A novel aptagel biosensor enables continuous in vivo monitoring of small molecules like vancomycin. This hydrogel platform offers high sensitivity, reversibility, and stability for real-time biomarker detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Continuous in vivo monitoring of small molecule biomarkers is crucial for real-time health assessment.
  • Existing biosensors often lack the required reversibility, sensitivity, and biological stability for in vivo applications.
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology offers label-free, real-time detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced biosensing platform for sensitive and reversible in vivo detection of small molecules.
  • To engineer a molecularly responsive hydrogel film, termed aptagel, for enhanced small molecule sensitivity.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability of the aptagel platform for continuous monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized split-aptamer-cross-linked hydrogels (aptagels) engineered with 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) macromers.
  • Employed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and optical waveguide mode for real-time detection.
  • Incorporated Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring to analyze hydrogel dynamics.
  • Optimized aptamer cross-link distribution and split-aptamer complementarity for enhanced conformational changes.

Main Results:

  • The aptagel platform demonstrated direct and reversible detection of vancomycin.
  • Analyte-induced ternary molecular complex formation caused aptagel contraction and refractive index changes.
  • Achieved a vancomycin detection limit of 160-250 nM with a linear sensing range up to 1 mM.
  • Demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity (6-9 fold) compared to monolayer counterparts.
  • Exhibited excellent stability in blood serum (24 h) and diluted blood plasma (5 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • The structurally responsive aptagel platform provides superior sensitivity and stability for small molecule detection.
  • This aptagel biosensor is a promising tool for continuous in vivo monitoring of biomarkers.
  • The developed platform advances the field of real-time diagnostics and therapeutic drug monitoring.