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[Study on effectiveness of multicomponent exercise interventions for healthy aging].

Y Wang1, Y J Qiu1, Y Shang1

  • 1Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi
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Summary

Multicomponent exercise (ME) significantly enhances physical and brain health in older adults. While ME shows promise for improving strength, cognition, and daily activities, its effects on mood and quality of life require further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Exercise Science
  • Public Health and Aging
  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Health

Background:

  • Healthy aging is a global priority, with exercise interventions playing a crucial role in maintaining functional independence and well-being in older adults.
  • Multicomponent exercise (ME), integrating various exercise types, is increasingly recognized for its potential to address multiple health domains in the elderly population.
  • Existing research on ME's effectiveness is fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis to guide public health strategies and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an umbrella review synthesizing evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise (ME) in older adults.
  • To provide a consolidated reference for promoting healthy aging through targeted exercise interventions.
  • To analyze the impact of ME across various health outcomes, including physical function, brain health, mood, and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across major databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP) for ME interventions in older adults, up to February 29, 2024.
  • An umbrella review methodology was employed, including screening, evaluation, and synthesis of eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
  • Data extraction focused on standardized mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD) for various health outcomes and comparisons with other exercise modalities.

Main Results:

  • The umbrella review included 15 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, encompassing 193 randomized controlled trials and 19,203 participants.
  • ME demonstrated positive effects on physical function/health (SMD 0.40-1.00) and brain health (SMD -0.30-1.60) in older adults.
  • ME showed superior effects compared to single-component exercises (strength, aerobic, mind-body) in improving lower limb strength, aerobic capacity, cognitive function, executive function, and activities of daily living.

Conclusions:

  • Multicomponent exercise (ME) is effective in improving physical function, health, and brain health among older adults.
  • ME appears more beneficial than single-component exercises for specific functional and cognitive outcomes in certain elderly populations.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings and clarify the effects of ME on mood/mental health and quality of life, considering participant variability and program design.