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High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Scalable on-chip diffractive speckle spectrometer with high spectral channel density.

Zimeng Zhang^1,2, Shumin Xiao¹, Qinghai Song^3,4

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Light, Science & Applications

|March 21, 2025

Summary

Chip-scale spectrometers use diffractive metasurfaces to encode spectral information, enabling high channel density. This new design achieves 1400 spectral channels in a compact area, overcoming traditional limitations.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Spectroscopy

Background:

Conventional spectrometers face limitations in spectral channel capacity due to chip footprint constraints.
Existing spectral-to-spatial mapping structures struggle to increase channel density without increasing size.
Chip-scale integrated spectrometers are crucial for expanding applications beyond benchtop systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an alternative scheme for chip-scale spectrometers using on-chip diffractive metasurfaces.
To enhance spectral richness and channel density within a compact footprint.
To demonstrate a high-performance spectrometer with improved channel density.

Main Methods:

Encoding spectral information using in-plane diffractive metasurfaces to produce intensity speckles.
Cascading three layers of metasurfaces to increase spectral richness.
Utilizing two-dimensional imaging of grating-diffracted patterns for spectrum reconstruction.

Main Results:

Achieved a spectral resolution of 70 pm over a 100 nm bandwidth.
Obtained up to 1400 spectral channels within a 150 μm × 950 μm chip area.
Demonstrated a benchmark channel density of 10021 ch/mm², outperforming waveguide structures.

Conclusions:

On-chip diffractive metasurfaces offer a novel approach to high-channel-density spectrometers.
The proposed design significantly enhances spectral richness and channel density in a compact form factor.
This technology paves the way for advanced applications requiring miniaturized, high-performance spectrometers.