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Updated: May 21, 2025

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Resting-State Functional Interactions Between the Action Observation Network and the Mentalizing System.

Luciano Simone1, Enrica Pierotti2, Eleonora Satta2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma Via Volturno 39, Parma, Italy.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|March 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The action observation network (AON) and mentalizing system (MS) appear independent at rest, with some regions mediating communication between them. This finding aids understanding of social cognition and related disorders.

Keywords:
action observation networkfMRIfunctional connectivitymentalizing systemresting statesocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human social functioning depends on the action observation network (AON) and mentalizing system (MS).
  • The functional relationship between AON and MS (separate or interactive) remains debated.
  • Understanding their interplay is crucial for neuropsychiatric disorders impacting social cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the functional connectome within and between the AON and MS.
  • To investigate the resting-state connectivity patterns of these two key social brain networks.
  • To identify potential mediating regions for cross-network communication.

Main Methods:

  • Combined resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and task-based fMRI.
  • Utilized single-subject-defined regions of interest (ROIs) for connectivity analysis.
  • Computed functional connectivity within and between the AON and MS.

Main Results:

  • Positive functional coupling observed within the AON and within the MS, suggesting network independence at rest.
  • Negative functional coupling between the AON and MS, further supporting their distinct resting states.
  • Specific regions, including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and anterior inferior frontal gyrus (aIFG), exhibited hybrid coupling, connecting to both systems.

Conclusions:

  • The AON and MS operate as largely independent networks during rest.
  • The pSTS and aIFG may serve as crucial hubs for communication between the AON and MS.
  • This research provides a foundation for exploring aberrant connectivity in social cognition deficits associated with neuropsychiatric conditions.