Repercussions of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an immunosuppressive state, increasing their vulnerability to infections.
• COVID-19 infection poses a significant risk for poor clinical outcomes in CKD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and identify scientific evidence on the repercussions of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients.
• To consolidate current knowledge on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searches were performed across major databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Virtual Health Library.
• Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the adapted Downs and Black checklist.

Main Results:

• Sixteen articles were included, all demonstrating high methodological quality.
• Key repercussions included a 75% increased mortality rate, common COVID-19 symptoms (68.75%), lymphopenia (68.75%), and progression to severe acute respiratory syndrome (56.25%).
• A significant proportion required mechanical ventilation (50%) and intensive care unit admission (50%).

Conclusions:

• Hemodialysis patients are highly susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more severe disease, adverse outcomes, and higher mortality compared to the general population.
• The findings underscore the critical need for enhanced preventive nursing care strategies within hemodialysis clinics to mitigate COVID-19's impact.