Pulmonary embolism after shoulder surgery: Is it a real threat?

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Vascular Medicine
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare but serious complication following shoulder surgery.
• It can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and impaired functional recovery.
• PE occurs in up to 5.7% of shoulder surgeries, with higher incidence in women and older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence, risk factors, symptoms, and management of PE after shoulder surgery.
• To discuss the role of prophylaxis and the impact of PE on rehabilitation.
• To emphasize the importance of early physiotherapy for functional outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on pulmonary embolism after shoulder surgery.
• Analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies.
• Evaluation of the effect of rehabilitation on patients with PE.

Main Results:

• Key risk factors include thrombophilia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and malignancy.
• Common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath; however, PE can be asymptomatic.
• Early ambulation, elastic stockings, and prophylactic anticoagulation for high-risk patients are discussed.
• Early physiotherapy and range-of-motion exercises are recommended and do not negatively impact PE prognosis.

Conclusions:

• PE is a significant concern after shoulder surgery, impacting recovery and function.
• While prophylaxis is debated, risk factor management and preventative measures are crucial.
• Early rehabilitation is vital for preserving shoulder mobility and function post-PE.