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Arterial stiffness in people with HIV: a cross-sectional, comparative study with echocardiographic outcomes in

Karl Reis1, Ponsiano F Stephano2,3, Salama Fadhil2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

AIDS (London, England)
|March 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

HIV infection is linked to peripheral arterial stiffness, not central stiffness, in people with HIV (PWH). This stiffness correlates with cardiac changes, indicating a pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PWH.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant concern for people with HIV (PWH).
  • Arterial stiffness is a potential intermediary linking HIV infection to CVD.
  • Holistic assessment of arterial stiffness and its correlation with cardiac outcomes is necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess arterial stiffness using multimodal methods in people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected controls.
  • To correlate arterial stiffness measures with echocardiographic outcomes.
  • To identify risk factors for arterial stiffness phenotypes in PWH.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving PWH and HIV-uninfected controls.
  • Multimodal assessment of arterial stiffness including ankle-brachial index (ABI) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV).
  • Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac outcomes and regression analysis for risk factor identification.

Main Results:

  • Elevated ABI was associated with HIV infection and male sex.
  • Elevated PWV was associated with age and blood pressure.
  • ABI correlated with E:e' (cardiac filling), and PWV correlated with left-ventricular mass index (cardiac hypertrophy).

Conclusions:

  • HIV is associated with peripheral arterial stiffness, but not central arterial stiffness.
  • Arterial stiffness is mechanistically linked to cardiac hypertrophy and impaired filling in PWH.
  • Young, male PWH are identified as a subpopulation at risk for early vascular aging.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIVankle-brachial indexarterial stiffnesscardiovascular diseasepulse-wave velocity

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