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A Smartphone-Based Timed Up and Go Test Self-Assessment for Older Adults: Validity and Reliability Study.

Melissa Johanna Böttinger^1,2, Sabato Mellone³, Jochen Klenk^4,5

¹Geriatric Center, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg, 69115, Germany, 49 6221 548146.

|March 21, 2025

Summary

The smartphone "up&go app" accurately measures the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for older adults, showing excellent validity and reliability for self-assessment of physical capacity.

Keywords:

aged diagnostic self evaluation instrumented assessment mobile applications mobility physical capacity self-assessment smartphone technology-based assess-ment timed up and go test

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Biomedical Engineering
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is an established measure of physical capacity.
Instrumented TUG (iTUG) offers potential for older adult self-assessment.
Smartphone-based applications can expand iTUG accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate a smartphone-based TUG self-assessment application ('up&go app').
To evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the 'up&go app'.

Main Methods:

52 community-dwelling older adults (>67 years) participated.
Concurrent validity was assessed against a validated lower-back sensor system.
Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample after 2 weeks.

Main Results:

The 'up&go app' demonstrated excellent concurrent validity (r=0.99 for total duration).
High agreement was found for 5 TUG repetitions (ICC=0.90) and excluding the first repetition (ICC=0.95).
Excellent test-retest reliability was observed (ICC=0.79).

Conclusions:

The 'up&go app' provides a valid and reliable smartphone-based method for TUG self-assessment.
The app can empower older adults for home-based physical capacity screening and monitoring.
Early identification of functional limitations can facilitate timely interventions.