Comparison of microbubbling and conventional bubbling methods for ozonated saline solution in CKD patients: a pilot...

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition with high mortality, often exacerbated by oxidative stress.
• Ozone therapy is a potential complementary treatment for mitigating oxidative stress in CKD.
• Ozonated saline solution (OSS) prepared via microbubbling offers improved ozone dissolution, homogeneity, and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the biosafety and efficacy of OSS prepared by microbubbling versus conventional bubbling in advanced CKD patients.
• To evaluate the impact of different OSS preparation methods on oxidative stress markers and renal function.

Main Methods:

• In vitro assessment of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations for both OSS preparation methods.
• In vivo biosafety evaluation using TMRE and Annexin V in leukocytes of healthy volunteers and CKD patients.
• Assessment of redox markers, mitochondrial activity, apoptosis, and renal function in CKD patients.

Main Results:

• Microbubbling resulted in lower in vitro H₂O₂ concentrations compared to conventional bubbling.
• Both methods increased mitochondrial activity and apoptosis in leukocytes of CKD patients.
• Microbubbling significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and improved redox balance in CKD patients, with minor improvements in clinical parameters.

Conclusions:

• The microbubbling method for OSS preparation demonstrates superior biosafety and therapeutic efficacy in advanced CKD patients.
• Microbubbling represents a potentially preferred approach for ozone therapy in managing CKD.
• Enhanced antioxidant and redox balance effects contribute to the improved efficacy of microbubbled OSS.