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Nanomedicines for cardiovascular diseases: Lessons learned and pathways forward
Yi-An Mao1, Xiaozhou Shi1, Pingyuan Sun1
1Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Insights
Nanomedicines offer a promising alternative to traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatments. Addressing preclinical concerns and clinical trial data is crucial for the safe and effective implementation of nanomedicine therapies for CVD.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular medicine
- Nanotechnology
- Regenerative medicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, with current treatments like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery having associated risks.
- Nanomedicine innovations present a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for CVDs, offering less invasive approaches.
- Despite advancements, challenges in nanomedicine biosafety and mechanism of action hinder clinical translation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review state-of-the-art advances in nanomedicines for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- To highlight urgent preclinical concerns and ongoing clinical trials for nanomedicine-based CVD therapies.
- To provide a clinical perspective on the challenges and opportunities in CVD nanomedicine.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of current nanomedicine research in cardiovascular disease.
- Analysis of preclinical concerns regarding biosafety and mechanism of action.
- Examination of ongoing clinical trials involving stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), gene therapy, and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy.
Main Results:
- Nanomedicines show significant potential as therapeutic alternatives for CVDs.
- Key challenges include unpredictable biosafety and understanding the orchestrated behavior mechanisms.
- Ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel nanomedicine approaches for CVD treatment.
Conclusions:
- Addressing preclinical concerns is vital for the successful clinical implementation of nanomedicines in CVD therapy.
- Emerging nanomedicine strategies, including cell-based and gene therapies, hold promise for future CVD treatment.
- A clinical perspective is essential for navigating the challenges and realizing the potential of nanomedicines in cardiovascular care.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are vital causes of global mortality. Apart from lifestyle intervention like exercise for high-risk groups or patients at early period, various medical interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have been clinically used to reduce progression and prevalence of CVDs. However, invasive surgery risk and severe complications still contribute to ventricular remodeling, even heart failure. Innovations in nanomedicines have fueled impressive medical advances, representing a CVD therapeutic alternative. Currently, clinical translation of nanomedicines from bench to bedside continues to suffer unpredictable biosafety and orchestrated behavior mechanism, which, if appropriately addressed, might pave the way for their clinical implementation in the future. While state-of-the-art advances in CVDs nanomedicines are widely summarized in this review, the focus lies on urgent preclinical concerns and is transitioned to the ongoing clinical trials including stem cells-based, extracellular vesicles (EV)-based, gene, and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy whose clinically applicable potential in CVD therapy will hopefully provide first answers. Overall, this review aims to provide a concise but comprehensive understanding of perspectives and challenges of CVDs nanomedicines, especially from a clinical perspective.
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