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Related Concept Videos

Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...

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Molecular clock complexities of Clostridioides difficile.

Jon J Vernon1, David W Eyre2, Mark H Wilcox3

  • 1Healthcare-Associated Infections Research Group, Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, West Yorkshire, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, West Yorkshire, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.

Anaerobe
|March 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular clock models for Clostridioides difficile evolution may be more complex than anticipated. Periods of bacterial spore dormancy might influence phylogenetic analyses and divergence rate estimations.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceBacterial evolutionClostridioides difficileFluoroquinolonePhylogeneticsRibotype 027

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections.
  • Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of C. diff is crucial for public health interventions.
  • Historical isolates provide valuable insights into pathogen evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of historical C. diff isolates.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of molecular clock models in estimating C. diff divergence rates.
  • To assess the congruence between evolutionary trajectories and established clock models.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of historical C. diff isolates (1980-86) using Illumina sequencing.
  • Comparison with contemporary European surveillance and phylogenetic data.
  • Application of recombination-adjusted maximum likelihood trees and molecular clock calculations (0.74 SNPs/genome/year).

Main Results:

  • Observed SNP divergence in historical isolates often deviated from molecular clock predictions.
  • Some isolates showed fewer SNPs than expected, challenging current divergence rate estimates.
  • Root-to-tip analysis revealed a weak linear correlation, indicating complex evolutionary patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular clock estimations for C. diff may require refinement.
  • Bacterial spore quiescence could be a factor complicating phylogenetic and evolutionary rate analyses.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuances of C. diff evolution.