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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Fluorinated amorphous halides with improved ionic conduction and stability for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries.

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Researchers developed a new method to create sodium halide solid electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. This strategy improves conductivity and stability, paving the way for advanced battery technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing solid electrolytes is crucial for safer and more efficient all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries.
  • Existing sodium-based halide electrolytes often suffer from low ionic conductivity and poor stability.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is key to optimizing ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design sodium halide solid electrolytes with significantly improved ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
  • To establish a facile method for tuning vacancy and charge carrier concentrations in sodium halides.
  • To enhance the performance and cyclability of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • A facile Na- and Cl-deficient composition method was employed to regulate vacancy and charge carrier concentrations.
  • Fluorination-induced amorphization was used to improve electrochemical stability and interfacial compatibility.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated using specific electrode materials (Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na15Sn4) and the developed catholyte (Na0.5ZrCl4F0.5).

Main Results:

  • The Na- and Cl-deficient method resulted in a several-fold enhancement in ionic conductivity of sodium halides.
  • Fluorination-induced amorphization improved stability without compromising conductivity, attributed to increased local disorder and prismatic Na coordination.
  • The Na0.5ZrCl4F0.5 catholyte enabled a battery to operate for 300 cycles with 94.4% capacity retention at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy offers a versatile pathway for creating high-performance inorganic ion conductors.
  • This research advances the development of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries with high conductivity and long-term cyclability.
  • Optimizing composition and structure is critical for achieving superior ionic conductivity and stability in solid electrolytes.