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Updated: May 4, 2026

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Compacting Molecular Stacking and Inhibiting Self-Aggregation in Fullerene Transporting Layer for Efficient and

Dan He1, Jiahao Zhang1, Xue-Yuan Gong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new phosphate-substituted fullerene derivative (FuPE) enhances electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This innovation boosts efficiency over 26% and improves operational stability by reducing recombination.

Keywords:
Charge carrier transportElectron transport layerFullerene materialsInterfacial passivationPerovskite solar cells

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photovoltaics
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Electron transport layer (ETL) underdevelopment limits inverted perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance.
  • Fullerene derivatives like PCBM are common ETLs but suffer from disorder, aggregation, and poor defect passivation.
  • This leads to charge carrier recombination and accumulation, hindering device efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel fullerene derivative, FuPE, to improve PCBM-based ETLs for PSCs.
  • To investigate FuPE's effect on molecular stacking, crystallinity, and interfacial properties.
  • To enhance electron mobility, reduce trap density, and improve defect passivation in ETL films.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a phosphate-substituted fullerene derivative (FuPE).
  • Fabrication of ETLs using FuPE:PCBM blends.
  • Characterization of film morphology, molecular stacking, and intermolecular interactions.
  • Performance evaluation of PSCs with FuPE:PCBM ETLs, including efficiency and stability tests.

Main Results:

  • FuPE incorporation led to compacted molecular stacking, enforced crystallinity, and suppressed self-aggregation.
  • The FuPE:PCBM blend exhibited enhanced electron mobility (0.183 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), lower trap density, and superior defect passivation.
  • PSCs with FuPE:PCBM ETLs showed reduced trap-assisted recombination and improved charge carrier extraction.

Conclusions:

  • FuPE effectively optimizes fullerene-based ETLs for PSCs.
  • The developed ETL material significantly enhances power conversion efficiency (>26%) and operational stability.
  • This strategy advances the development of highly efficient and durable perovskite solar cells.