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Updated: May 21, 2025

An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.
Published on: September 7, 2022
Molecular Mechanisms of Biostimulants in Promoting Tomato Seedling Growth: Linking Chemical Structure to Physiologic
Qiongqiong Zhou1, Shaobo Wu1, Liyuan Xing1
1College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Abstract:
Humic acids (HAs), tea polyphenols (TPs), and fulvic acids (FAs) are bioactive substances known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant growth-promoting properties. However, the chemical structures and molecular mechanisms underlying their growth-promoting effects remain unclear. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that FA has the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by HA and TP, with a molecular weight ranking of HA > TP > FA. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance, leading to enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars while improving N and P utilization efficiency. Small molecular weight and aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl (especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratios) are crucial for stimulating hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake. These findings provide valuable insights into developing novel fertilizers and artificially regulating humic substances.
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