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How negative emotions influence arithmetic problem-solving processes: An ERP study.

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  • 1Centre de Recherche de l'école de l'air (CREA, UR 09.401), École de l'air et de l'espace, Base aérienne 701, Salon Air (France), Salon-de-Provence, F-13661, France.

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Negative emotions impact arithmetic problem-solving, altering neural activity during problem verification. This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to reveal how negative emotions affect cognitive processes in mathematical tasks.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Negative emotions are known to influence cognitive functions.
  • The specific impact of negative emotions on arithmetic problem-solving, particularly concerning rule verification, remains less understood.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer a valuable tool for examining the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of negative emotions on arithmetic performance.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying these effects using ERPs.
  • To determine how negative emotions modulate specific stages of arithmetic problem-solving, including encoding and rule violation detection.

Main Methods:

  • Participants verified true and false complex multiplication problems under neutral or negative emotional conditions.
  • Problems included variations in arithmetic rules (five-rule, parity-rule, both, or none).
  • Behavioral performance and electrophysiological data (ERPs) were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Negative emotions impaired performance on false problems violating specific arithmetic rules but improved performance on those violating no rules.
  • ERPs showed significant modulations: earlier P1 peaks for true non-five problems, altered P300/P600 amplitudes for no-rule violations, and modified N2/LPC components for parity-rule and dual-rule violations.
  • Neural activity changes were observed in central, parietal, and prefrontal brain regions, indicating effects on encoding, rule detection, and strategic execution.

Conclusions:

  • Negative emotions significantly alter arithmetic problem-solving processes.
  • These effects are mediated by modulations in neural activity, impacting various stages of cognitive processing.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between emotion and cognitive control in mathematical tasks.