The relationship between advanced glycation end products, metabolic metrics, HbA1c, and diabetic nephropathy
Liping Xue1, Yi Zhang1, Qiu Zhang1
1Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Background:
In this cross-sectional study, we aim to investigate the value of non-invasive advanced glycation end products (AGEs) detection in the early screening of diabetic nephropathy(DN) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and assess whether metabolic parameters and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can moderate this relationship.
Methods:
A total of 912 T2DM patients were enrolled. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured in morning urine samples to assess DN. AGEs were non-invasively measured through skin autofluorescence. Recognizing the role of age in both AGEs and DN, AGEage was calculated as AGEs × age/100 for related analyses.
Results:
The overall prevalence of DN in the present study was 37.2%. Elevated AGEage(χ2 = 61.06) was associated with a higher prevalence of DN. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that AGEage was positively associated with UACR levels(β = 0.154, 95% CI: 0.126, 0.306, P<0.001). In the moderation analysis, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) affected the correlation between AGEage and UACR. Body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) also affect the correlation between AGEage and UACR, there were significant interactions between AGEage, HbA1c, BMI, TyG-BMI, and UACR.
Conclusions:
Complex associations and interactions were observed between AGEs, metabolic metrics, HbA1c, and DN. Implementing comprehensive interventions can potentially benefit the prevention of DN in T2DM patients.
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