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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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  11. A Review Of The Environmental Variables Included In Mand Training Interventions

A Review of the Environmental Variables Included in Mand Training Interventions

Meka N McCammon1, Katie Wolfe2, Aaron R Check2

  • 1Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
|March 24, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective mand training for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial. This review found common practices but couldn't identify critical components for teaching functional communication skills.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Developmental psychology
  • Special education

Background:

  • Communication deficits significantly impact quality of life, especially for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Manding, the skill of requesting, is pivotal for long-term prognosis in individuals with ASD and related disabilities.
  • Current mand training interventions vary, and common critical components for effective skill acquisition remain unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review single-case studies on mand training interventions for preschool-aged children.
  • To identify common elements and critical components across various mand training approaches.
  • To inform the design of more efficient and effective mand training interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 45 single-case studies involving 118 preschool-aged participants.
Keywords:
Early interventionMand trainingPreschool childrenReview

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  • Synthesis of intervention characteristics, including preference assessments, motivating operations, and reinforcement strategies.
  • Analysis of teaching conditions (establishing operations, abolishing operations) and consequent stimulus interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Most studies utilized preference assessments, manipulated motivating operations, and provided specific reinforcement.
    • Gaps were identified in observing behavioral indications, teaching under both establishing and abolishing operation conditions, and analyzing interactions with consequent stimuli.
    • Significant differences in intervention variables suggest that critical components for functional mand repertoire acquisition cannot be definitively determined.

    Conclusions:

    • While common practices exist in mand training, critical components essential for acquisition are not clearly identified.
    • The heterogeneity of intervention variables hinders the determination of universally effective strategies.
    • Further research is needed to identify and validate critical components for efficient and effective mand training in young children.
    Verbal behavior