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Updated: May 20, 2025
Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
Published on: April 12, 2019
Evaluation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Expression in Osteosarcoma: Insights From a 10-Year Retrospective
Asim Farooq1,2, Aatif Amin2, Shaarif Bashir3
1Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Introduction:
Osteosarcoma, a prevalent bone malignancy in children and adolescents, is currently treated through surgical resection and chemotherapy. Advancements in cancer research are targeting immune checkpoint molecules, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, to advance the development of immunotherapy. However, the scarcity of research on IDO in osteosarcoma results in an absence of comprehensive data, highlighting the conflicting findings surrounding IDO's role in various cancers. Our study aims to explore IDO expression in primary tumors and metastatic lesions among osteosarcoma patients, investigating its association with clinicopathological characteristics and assessing its impact on survival outcomes.
Methods:
150 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma were selected between 2009 and 2019 from the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. FFPE tissue samples of primary tumors and metastatic lesions were retrieved to conduct immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, the clinicopathological data of these patients were gathered from the hospital information system.
Results:
Out of 150 patients, primary tumors were accessible for 134 individuals, while metastatic lesions were available for 49 patients. IDO expression was identified in 9 (6.71%) primary tumors and 2 (4.08%) metastatic lesions among osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, 3 patients exhibited high expression (27.3%), while 8 displayed low IDO expression (72.7%).
Conclusion:
Our comprehensive study findings indicate that most osteosarcoma patients do not exhibit expression of IDO. This absence of expression aligns with the characteristic "cold" tumor microenvironment observed in osteosarcoma. Further investigations are imperative to provide deeper insights into the intricacies of this immunomodulatory factor in the context of osteosarcoma.
Insights
Most osteosarcoma patients show no expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key target for immunotherapy. This finding suggests a "cold" tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma, requiring further research into IDO
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Osteosarcoma is a common childhood bone cancer treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting molecules like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), are a focus of cancer immunotherapy.
- Limited research exists on IDO's role in osteosarcoma, with conflicting findings in other cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate IDO expression in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma.
- To correlate IDO expression with clinicopathological features.
- To assess the impact of IDO expression on patient survival.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical analysis of IDO expression.
- Tissue samples from 150 osteosarcoma patients (2009-2019).
- Retrieved primary tumors (n=134) and metastatic lesions (n=49).
Main Results:
- IDO expression was low: 6.71% in primary tumors and 4.08% in metastatic lesions.
- Among cases with expression, 72.7% showed low IDO levels and 27.3% showed high levels.
- No significant association with clinicopathological characteristics or survival was detailed in the provided results.
Conclusions:
- The majority of osteosarcoma patients do not express IDO.
- This lack of expression supports the concept of a "cold" tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma.
- Further research is needed to fully understand IDO's function in osteosarcoma.
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