Role of Polyethylene Glycol in Dermatology

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used in dermatology due to its excellent solubility, nontoxic nature, and compatibility with various therapeutic agents. Its applications extend from moisturizing creams to chemical peels, improving skin hydration and facilitating drug delivery. Despite its broad utility, PEG is associated with hypersensitivity reactions, including rare cases of anaphylaxis, that necessitates a thorough assessment of its safety profile. This review evaluates PEG's therapeutic roles, safety, and dermatological applications, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, chemical properties, and potential adverse effects.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciVerse, and EMBASE databases to identify studies on PEG's dermatological uses, including its role in treating psoriasis, acne, ichthyosis, fungal infections, wound healing, and cosmeceuticals. Studies addressing PEG's allergenic potential were also reviewed, focusing on cutaneous reactions and rare anaphylactic events. Articles in English, published until June 2024, were included in this narrative review.

PEG's emollient and humectant properties make it valuable in treating psoriasis, where it enhances corticosteroid delivery and reduces erythema and scaling. In acne, PEG-based salicylic acid peels offer controlled exfoliation with minimal irritation. PEG's hydrating properties also benefit ichthyosis and wound healing by maintaining moisture and delivering antibacterial agents. In cosmetics, PEG functions as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioner. However, hypersensitivity risks, including urticaria and anaphylaxis, require cautious use, especially for allergy-prone individuals.

PEG's properties make it a useful dermatological component, though awareness of hypersensitivity risks is essential for safe clinical use. Further studies are needed to understand PEG-induced hypersensitivity and to guide safety protocols.