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Management of Insomnia01:19

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Melatonin: The potential avenues in dentistry.

Dr Sanidhya S1, Deepa Kamath1, Aradhya Sinha1

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India.

F1000Research
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin offers promising dental applications due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, aiding in periodontal disease treatment and dental implant success. It also serves as a potential alternative for managing dental anxiety.

Keywords:
melatoninmelatonin for bone regenerationmelatonin for implant dentistryosseointegrationperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Periodontal disease involves bacterial plaque and an overactive immune-inflammatory response.
  • Current treatments focus on plaque removal and managing tissue damage from reactive oxygen species.
  • Melatonin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties beneficial for oral health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical applications of melatonin in dentistry.
  • To describe melatonin's mechanism of action in oral conditions.
  • To explore future research directions for melatonin in dental treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on melatonin's use in periodontal therapy.
  • Analysis of melatonin's effects on bone metabolism and circadian rhythm.
  • Examination of melatonin's role in managing dental anxiety.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin demonstrates efficacy as an adjunct to mechanical debridement for periodontal disease.
  • Systemic administration of melatonin shows benefits post-Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy.
  • Melatonin aids in osseointegration of dental implants and modulates immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin is a promising therapeutic agent in dentistry for periodontal health and implantology.
  • Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties offer advantages over traditional treatments.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate melatonin's potential in various dental applications.