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Instrument Calibration

Instrument Calibration

Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy

Published on: October 20, 2011

Calibrating photomultiplier tubes beyond their performance envelope.

Nikolay P Kutuzov¹, Martin Lauritzen¹, Henrik Flyvbjerg²

¹Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|March 24, 2025

Summary

Researchers calibrated photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) beyond specifications to achieve super-localization microscopy in mouse brains. This advancement enables nanoscale tracking of biological structures in vivo.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Optical Microscopy
Neuroscience

Background:

Advanced imaging techniques are often limited by existing instrumentation.
Pushing instrument performance envelopes is crucial for novel scientific discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To calibrate photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) beyond their standard performance envelope.
To achieve super-localization microscopy in scattering biological tissue.
To enable nanoscale tracking of dynamic biological processes in vivo.

Main Methods:

Characterization and elimination of time-dependent bias in PMT dark noise.
Development of protocols for bias elimination (quick-and-noisy and noiseless).
Mathematical characterization of PMT output for single-photoelectron and multi-photoelectron inputs.

Main Results:

Successful calibration of PMTs beyond their performance envelope.
Demonstration of super-localization microscopy deep within mouse brain tissue.
Achieved nanoscale tracking of particles, capillary walls, and red blood cells in vivo.

Conclusions:

Calibrating PMTs beyond their limits enables advanced super-localization microscopy.
This technique allows for high-resolution, in vivo nanoscale tracking in scattering tissues.
The developed calibration methods are broadly applicable to pushing instrument performance limits.