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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

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The Unpaved Road of Non-Coding RNA Structure-Function Relationships: Current Knowledge, Available Methodologies, and

Ana Lúcia Leitão1, Francisco J Enguita2

  • 1Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.

Non-Coding RNA
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression through structural motifs. This review covers RNA structural motifs, their functions, and methods to study them, emphasizing the need for more 3D RNA structure data.

Keywords:
X-ray crystallographychemical probingcryo-EMnon-coding RNAstructure–function relationships

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Complex eukaryotic genomes contain numerous non-coding genes.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate genomic output via sequence and structural motifs.
  • Limited three-dimensional (3D) RNA structure data exists compared to sequence data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural motifs in non-coding RNA function.
  • To analyze wet-lab and computational methods for characterizing RNA structure-function relationships.
  • To highlight the need for detailed structural studies of ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on ncRNA structure and function.
  • Analysis of various structural motifs and their roles.
  • Discussion of experimental and computational techniques for structural characterization.

Main Results:

  • Identified key structural motifs critical for ncRNA function.
  • Evaluated current methodologies for RNA structural analysis.
  • Emphasized the gap in 3D structural data for ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ncRNA structural motifs is crucial for deciphering their regulatory roles.
  • Advancements in structural biology methods are needed to meet the demand for 3D RNA data.
  • Further structural studies will elucidate the molecular basis of ncRNA function.