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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Updated: May 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
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The autism phenotype and transdiagnostic dimensional frameworks.

Lacey C Chetcuti1, Emily K Spackman1, Thomas W Frazier2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current diagnostic systems for autism face limitations. Dimensional approaches, like Research Domain Criteria and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, offer improved understanding and clinical care for autism spectrum disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Diagnostic classification systems are crucial for clinical practice, research, and public health.
  • Current categorical diagnostic approaches for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit limitations such as symptom overlap and heterogeneity.
  • These limitations hinder accurate assessment and individualized care for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges in the current diagnostic conceptualization of autism.
  • To propose transdiagnostic dimensional alternatives for a more comprehensive understanding of autism.
  • To explore the application of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in autism research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry.
  • Analysis of the limitations of categorical diagnostic approaches for autism.
  • Examination of the principles and empirical attention garnered by RDoC and HiTOP.
  • Exploration of the potential applications of dimensional approaches in autism.

Main Results:

  • Categorical diagnostic systems for autism present significant challenges, including symptom overlap and diagnostic instability.
  • Transdiagnostic dimensional frameworks, such as RDoC and HiTOP, offer promising alternatives.
  • These dimensional approaches facilitate a more nuanced understanding and assessment of autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Dimensional approaches provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding and assessing autism spectrum disorder.
  • RDoC and HiTOP hold significant potential for advancing autism research and improving clinical care.
  • Adopting dimensional perspectives can address the limitations of current categorical diagnostic systems for autism.