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Related Concept Videos

Attachment01:20

Attachment

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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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Published on: September 22, 2023

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Breastfeeding Duration and Child Development.

Inbal Goldshtein1, Yair Sadaka1,2,3, Guy Amit1

  • 1KI Research Institute, Kfar Malal, Israel.

JAMA Network Open
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Longer or exclusive breastfeeding is linked to fewer developmental delays in children. This supports public health initiatives promoting breastfeeding for optimal child development and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development and Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Optimizing child development requires identifying modifiable factors.
  • Feeding practices significantly influence developmental outcomes.
  • Accounting for disparities in feeding is crucial to avoid bias in developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the independent association between breastfeeding and developmental milestones.
  • To investigate the link between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • To provide evidence for promoting breastfeeding for child development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using Israeli national surveillance and social insurance data.
  • Analysis of over 570,000 children born between 2014-2020.
  • Multivariable regression, matching, and within-family analyses to control for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Children breastfed for at least 6 months showed fewer delays in language, social, and motor milestones.
  • Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a 27% reduction in developmental delays (AOR, 0.73).
  • Within-family analyses confirmed reduced odds of developmental delays and neurodevelopmental conditions with longer breastfeeding.

Conclusions:

  • Exclusive or longer breastfeeding is associated with better developmental milestone attainment.
  • Breastfeeding is linked to reduced odds of specific neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Findings support breastfeeding promotion for enhancing early child development and reducing neurodevelopmental risks.