Influential Factors Behind the Declining Helicopter Parenting in Chinese Emerging Adults' First-Year University Life

Extensive research has demonstrated the detrimental effects of helicopter parenting on the adjustment of emerging adults. However, few studies have investigated the changing trend of this parenting style and the parental and emerging adult factors that influence the trend. This study tracked 455 first-year university students (78.2% female; M_age = 18.73, SD_age = 1.19) over three measurement points: 2, 4, and 14 months after enrollment. Through a latent growth model, the study revealed a significant downward trend in helicopter parenting behaviors among Chinese parents during the first year of their emerging-adult children's college life. Both parental failure mindsets and the autonomy and separation anxiety of emerging adults influenced the initial level of the declining trend in helicopter parenting. In contrast, only behavioral engagement of emerging adults in school activities is the key factor leading parents to reduce their overparenting behaviors. This study tracks the dynamics of helicopter parenting and identifies parental and emerging adult factors that shape its trajectory. The findings provide insights into reducing helicopter parenting practices and supporting emerging adults' adjustment during critical transitions.