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Human behavior significantly impacts disease spread and information diffusion. This study reveals a protection threshold where individuals adopt preventive measures, crucial for controlling epidemics.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Network Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Human behaviors are central to information diffusion and epidemic spreading.
  • The interplay between information, epidemics, and behavior is complex and bidirectional.
  • Understanding coordinated decision-making is key for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individual protective behaviors influence the interaction between information diffusion and epidemic spreading.
  • To model the dynamics of disease spread considering game-theory-based behavioral changes.
  • To identify critical thresholds for the emergence of protective behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of the unaware-aware-unaware susceptible-infected-uninfected (UAU-SIS) model.
  • Integration of a two-strategy game-theory dilemma to represent individual decisions.
  • Theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to explore behavioral emergence and epidemic dynamics.

Main Results:

  • At epidemic onset, preventive measures are absent; epidemic threshold depends on epidemic layer topology.
  • A critical protection threshold exists, triggering protective behaviors in aware individuals.
  • High recovery rates, disease costs, low prevention failure, and low forgetting rates enhance self-protection and curb epidemics.
  • Epidemic layer topology significantly impacts both information diffusion and epidemic spread, even with information-layer behavioral evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Individual protective behaviors, driven by factors like disease severity and prevention effectiveness, can significantly mitigate epidemic spread.
  • The network structure of the epidemic layer is a critical determinant of disease and information propagation dynamics.
  • Findings offer insights for developing targeted public health strategies by understanding behavioral responses to epidemics.