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Harnessing live vectors for cancer vaccines: Advancing therapeutic immunotherapy

Chinmay T Jani1, Aysswarya Manoharan1, Peter J DeMaria2

  • 1Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|March 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Live cancer vaccines utilize biological entities like bacteria, yeast, and viruses to target tumors. These advanced immunotherapies are being studied in clinical trials for various cancer treatment settings.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer vaccines are a key component of modern cancer immunotherapy.
  • Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to stimulate a patient's immune system to fight cancer.
  • Precision medicine in oncology increasingly relies on targeting tumor-specific antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the landscape of live cancer vaccines.
  • To explore biological entities used as delivery platforms for cancer vaccines.
  • To discuss the current and future development of oncologic vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of live cancer vaccines and their biological entities.
  • Analysis of vaccine targets and delivery platforms.
  • Examination of clinical trial strategies (prophylactic, adjuvant, palliative).

Main Results:

  • Live cancer vaccines employ bacterial, yeast-based, and viral vectors.
  • These vectors are engineered to enhance immune response against cancer cells.
  • Clinical trials are evaluating cancer vaccines as standalone and combination therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Live cancer vaccines offer a promising, targeted approach to cancer treatment.
  • Diverse biological entities provide effective platforms for cancer vaccine development.
  • Ongoing research and clinical trials are expanding the potential of cancer vaccines.
Keywords:
Cancer immunotherapyantigen cascadecancer vaccineimmuno-oncologylive vectortherapeutic cancer vaccinetherapeutic vaccinevaccine

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