Post-tuberculosis lung disease: towards prevention, diagnosis, and care

There is a growing body of data describing the high burden of respiratory sequelae seen among tuberculosis survivors, including children, adolescents, and adults. This group of sequelae are known as post-tuberculosis lung disease and include parenchymal damage, airway disease, and pulmonary vascular disease. It is thought that approximately half of pulmonary tuberculosis survivors have ongoing structural pathology, lung function impairment, or respiratory symptoms after the resolution of active disease. Post-tuberculosis lung disease has been associated with adverse patient outcomes, including persistent symptoms and functional impairment, ongoing health seeking, and impacts on income and employment. There is still much to understand about the epidemiology and nature of post-tuberculosis lung disease, but in this Review we focus on strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and care to inform the ongoing work of tuberculosis-affected communities, health-care providers, researchers, and policy makers. We summarise recent data, highlight evidence gaps, and suggest key research priorities for those working in the field.