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Signaling by latrophilin adhesion-GPCRs in synapse assembly.
1Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Physiology & of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Institute of Medicine I (SIM1)/Lorry Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Room G1021, Stanford, CA 94305-5453, USA.
Neuroscience
|March 24, 2025
Summary
Latrophilins are crucial cell adhesion proteins that organize synapses. Alternative splicing fine-tunes their interactions, connecting external signals to internal cell responses.
Area of Science:
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
- Cell Adhesion Mechanisms
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling
Background:
- Latrophilins are adhesion-GPCRs vital for synapse organization.
- Mammalian latrophilins (ADGRL1-3) exhibit extensive alternative splicing, generating numerous isoforms.
- Extracellular domains bind Teneurins and FLRTs, forming a protein interaction network.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of latrophilin function in synapse organization.
- To investigate the role of alternative splicing in regulating latrophilin signaling.
- To understand how latrophilins integrate trans-cellular interactions with intracellular responses.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of latrophilin gene transcripts and protein isoforms.
- Investigating extracellular ligand binding (Teneurins, FLRTs).
- Studying intracellular interactions with G proteins, arrestins, and scaffold proteins.
Main Results:
- Latrophilins bind Teneurins and FLRTs via specific extracellular domains.
- Alternative splicing regulates Gα protein activation preference.
- Latrophilins act as postsynaptic organizers, requiring extracellular binding and intracellular GαS activation.
Conclusions:
- Latrophilins function as versatile signaling platforms.
- They bridge trans-cellular adhesion events with intracellular signaling pathways.
- Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism for latrophilin function in neurons.
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