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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Food Insecurity Is Associated with Vitamin B12 Deficiency: The All of Us Database.

Daniel J Parente1

  • 1From the Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. dparente@kumc.edu.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Food insecurity is linked to a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in US adults. This study highlights the connection between social determinants of health and essential nutrient levels.

Keywords:
ADFM/NAPCRG Research Summitt 2023Food InsecurityLogistic RegressionMulticenter StudiesPrecision MedicineRetrospective StudiesSocial Determinants of HealthVitamin B12Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 is crucial for health, primarily obtained from diet.
  • Limited data exists on the impact of food security on vitamin B12 deficiency risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between food insecurity and vitamin B12 deficiency.
  • To analyze this relationship within a diverse US adult population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us precision medicine database.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression analysis on 8,989 adult participants, controlling for age, sex, and metformin use.
  • Included participants with social determinants of health survey data and vitamin B12 measurements.

Main Results:

  • 9.8% of participants reported food insecurity, and 12.9% worried about it.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency (levels <300 pg/mL) was associated with experiencing food insecurity (aOR 1.24, P=.037).
  • Older age and male sex were also associated with deficiency; metformin exposure showed no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity is significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in US adults within the NIH All of Us cohort.
  • Further research is needed to establish causality.
  • Highlights the importance of addressing food security for nutritional health.