Direct Sampling Mass Spectrometry Analysis for the Assessment of Wounds: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Conventional mass spectrometry requires extensive sample preparation, limiting its clinical use for wound assessment.
• Direct sampling mass spectrometry (DSMS) enables rapid analysis of patient samples, showing promise for clinical applications in wound care.
• This review systematically evaluates DSMS technologies for external wound assessment and their translational potential.

Approach:

• A systematic review of 2,930 screened abstracts identified six studies utilizing various DSMS technologies.
• Studies focused on burn wounds, pressure ulcers, and surgical wounds, employing targeted and untargeted molecular profiling.
• Biomarkers related to inflammation and healing, including proteins, lipids, and metabolites, were analyzed.

Key Points:

• DSMS complements traditional methods like histology by providing spatial localization of metabolites within wounds.
• Imaging capabilities of DSMS allow for spatial mapping of wound surfaces and dynamic changes during healing.
• Identification of specific metabolite and protein accumulations can aid in wound prognostication.

Conclusions:

• Direct sampling mass spectrometry is a valuable tool for the rapid assessment and monitoring of external wounds.
• DSMS provides unique insights into wound pathophysiology and healing dynamics, enhancing diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.
• Further translational research is warranted to fully integrate DSMS into routine clinical wound care.