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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) presents a significant global health challenge.
  • OSA is highly prevalent and strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Current diagnostic standards for OSA are insufficient for this complex condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of the current apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in diagnosing OSA.
  • To advocate for a revision of standard OSA diagnostic criteria.
  • To emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of OSA phenotypes for personalized treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria for OSA.
  • Analysis of the relationship between OSA and cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Exploration of clinical, pathophysiological, and sleep diagnostic characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) alone is insufficient for diagnosing the multifaceted nature of OSA.
  • A significant gap exists in understanding the diverse phenotypic characteristics of OSA.
  • Existing diagnostic criteria do not fully capture the complexity of the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Revision of standard OSA diagnostic criteria is urgently required.
  • A deeper understanding of OSA's clinical and pathophysiological phenotypes is essential.
  • Personalized and holistic treatment strategies for OSA can be developed through improved diagnostics and phenotyping.