Revealing Collaborative Effects of Binary Additives on Regulating Precursor Crystallization Toward Highly Efficient...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Photovoltaics
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• High-quality perovskite layers are crucial for efficient solar cells.
• Additive engineering is a key strategy for optimizing perovskite crystallization.
• Exploring dual additives offers potential for further performance advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the collaborative effect of dual additives on perovskite precursor crystallization.
• To enhance the quality of perovskite layers for improved solar cell performance.
• To evaluate the impact of dual additives on device efficiency and stability.

Main Methods:

• Introduction of phenylmethylammonium iodide (PMAI) and [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) as binary additives into the perovskite precursor.
• Analysis of perovskite crystallization kinetics, including nucleation and crystal growth.
• Fabrication and characterization of perovskite solar cell devices.

Main Results:

• Dual additives (PMAI + 2PACz) effectively promote the transformation of PbI2 to PbI3- complexes and accelerate nucleation.
• Binary additives retard crystallization, leading to larger crystal sizes and fewer defects in the perovskite layer.
• The optimized perovskite layer exhibits mitigated microstrain, enhanced charge extraction, and suppressed nonradiative recombination.

Conclusions:

• The binary additive strategy significantly improves perovskite layer quality, leading to higher solar cell efficiency (26.05%).
• Devices demonstrate enhanced operational stability, retaining 90% efficiency after 1200 hours of testing.
• Dual additive engineering is a promising approach for advancing perovskite solar cell technology.