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Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Histopathologic Features in Vancomycin-Associated Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome.

Hannah B Haberecht¹, Rachel L Ziebart¹, Olivia C Iverson¹

¹Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology

|March 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS/DRESS) shows a common eczematous pattern with neutrophils. Specific skin findings correlate with clinical symptoms like rash and liver involvement.

Keywords:

DRESS DiHS inflammation retrospective vancomycin

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Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Pathology
Pharmacology

Background:

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), also known as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), is a severe immune reaction to medications.
Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic associated with DiHS/DRESS, often presenting with significant organ involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the specific histopathology of vancomycin-induced DiHS/DRESS.
To correlate histopathologic findings with clinical manifestations.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with probable or definite DiHS/DRESS after vancomycin treatment between 2006 and 2022.
Dermatopathologic review of skin biopsy specimens.
Statistical analysis of histopathologic and clinical features.

Main Results:

Twenty-three patients were included; 87% exhibited an eczematous reaction pattern on skin biopsy.
Common epidermal findings included spongiosis (87%) and neutrophilic infiltration (91%).
Parakeratosis correlated with desquamative rash and inversely with liver involvement; epidermal lymphocytes correlated inversely with the RegiSCAR score.

Conclusions:

Vancomycin-associated DiHS/DRESS histopathology is characterized by a predominant eczematous pattern, often with coexisting patterns and epidermal neutrophilic infiltration.
Histopathologic features provide insights into clinical presentation and disease severity.