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Updated: May 20, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Amniotic fluid embolism: A case-series.

Sandra Lynn Jaya-Bodestyne¹, Wei Ching Tan¹, Devendra Kanagalingam¹

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Obstetric Medicine

|March 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare obstetric emergency. Early cardiovascular support and aggressive management of complications like DIC and hemorrhage are crucial for survival and good outcomes in AFE patients.

Keywords:

Amniotic fluid coagulopathy embolism haemorrhage obstetrics

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Critical Care Medicine
Perinatology

Background:

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare, unpredictable, and often fatal complication of pregnancy.
Despite its severity, understanding of AFE's clinical spectrum and management remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze clinical characteristics, management strategies, complications, and outcomes of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).
To highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention in improving AFE patient survival and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of women diagnosed with AFE between 2014 and 2023.
Inclusion criteria: meeting Clark's criteria or clinical diagnosis after exclusion of other causes.
Data collection included clinical presentation, treatment, complications (coagulopathy, postpartum hemorrhage, DIC), and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

Four cases of AFE were identified and analyzed.
Two cases met Clark's criteria, presenting with cardiac arrest requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); one experienced cognitive impairment.
Two atypical AFE cases included one fatal DIC-type AFE and one with paradoxical intracranial emboli and full recovery. All patients had coagulopathy and postpartum hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

Early recognition and prompt cardiovascular support are critical for managing AFE.
Aggressive treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and postpartum hemorrhage is essential.
Survival and favorable outcomes in AFE are achievable with timely and appropriate medical interventions.