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Extramedullary hematopoiesis: A case report.

Majda Ankri¹, Kaoutar Imrani¹, Salma El Aouadi¹

¹Avicenna Hospital. University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.

Radiology Case Reports

|March 25, 2025

Summary

Extramedullary hematopoiesis, a response to anemia, typically affects the liver and spleen. This case highlights vertebral involvement presenting with jaundice, a rare manifestation requiring further study.

Keywords:

Extramedullary hematopoiesis MRI

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Pathophysiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a known complication in patients with chronic anemia and hematologic disorders.
The exact pathophysiology of extramedullary hematopoiesis remains unclear.
Common sites include the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, with vertebral involvement being less frequent.

Observation:

A 47-year-old female with a 31-year history of severe anemia and pancytopenia presented with acute febrile jaundice.
This presentation is unusual for extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is typically asymptomatic unless complications like spinal cord compression occur.

Findings:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the primary diagnostic tool for extramedullary hematopoiesis.
This case underscores the varied clinical presentations of extramedullary hematopoiesis, including rare symptoms like jaundice.

Implications:

Further research into the pathophysiology of extramedullary hematopoiesis is warranted.
Recognizing rare presentations like jaundice is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
This case emphasizes the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing extramedullary hematopoiesis, particularly in atypical presentations.