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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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TCR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: challenges and emerging solutions.

Wanjun He^1,2, Kai Cui^1,2, Muhammad Asad Farooq¹

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.

Frontiers in Pharmacology

|March 25, 2025

Summary

T-cell receptor T cells (TCR-T cells) show promise for solid tumor immunotherapy, overcoming limitations of CAR-T cells. Combining TCR-T therapies with other strategies may enhance anti-tumor efficacy and safety.

Keywords:

TCR TCR-T cell adoptive cell therapy immunotherapy solid tumor

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

T-cell immunotherapy, including CAR-T cells, has advanced cancer treatment, particularly for hematologic malignancies.
CAR-T cell therapy faces challenges in solid tumors, including targeting, T-cell trafficking, and survival within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the structure and function of TCR-T cells in cancer therapy.
To outline the limitations of TCR-T cell therapy and propose potential solutions.
To highlight the potential of TCR-T cells in treating solid tumors.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on T-cell receptor T cells (TCR-T) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapies.
Analysis of the advantages of TCR-T cells over CAR-T cells for solid tumor treatment.
Discussion of strategies to enhance TCR-T cell efficacy within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

TCR-T cells possess superior homing capabilities, broader antigen recognition, and the potential to target a wider range of proteins compared to CAR-T cells.
TCR-T cells may offer a more effective approach for solid tumor immunotherapy due to their inherent properties.
Combinatorial approaches involving TCR-T therapies and other emerging strategies are crucial for maximizing anti-tumor activity and safety.

Conclusions:

TCR-T cell therapy presents a promising alternative for solid tumor treatment, addressing key limitations of CAR-T cells.
Further research and development of combinatorial strategies are essential to optimize TCR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
Enhancing TCR-T cell efficacy within the TME and ensuring treatment safety are paramount for clinical success.