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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability

Published on: October 19, 2018

Inulin Protects Caco-2 Cells Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction.

A Georgetta Skinner¹, Abdul Malik², M Rizwan Siddiqui³

¹Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine A.T. Still University Kirksville Missouri USA.

Food Science & Nutrition

|March 25, 2025

Summary

Inulin, a prebiotic fiber, protects the gut barrier from damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It enhances tight junction proteins, reducing intestinal permeability and inflammation.

Keywords:

Caco‐2 cells LPS inflammation inulin tight junction proteins

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Microbiology

Background:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria triggers inflammation and damages the intestinal barrier.
This barrier dysfunction increases permeability, allowing antigen translocation and contributing to gut disorders like IBD and metabolic endotoxemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the therapeutic potential of inulin, a prebiotic fiber, in mitigating LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption.
To assess inulin's effects on tight junction protein expression and paracellular permeability.

Main Methods:

Caco-2 cells were exposed to LPS (100 ng/mL) for 12 hours.
Cells were pretreated with 2% inulin for 24 hours prior to LPS exposure.
Gene expression of cytokines and tight junction proteins (claudin-1, claudin-2, occludin) was analyzed.
Paracellular permeability was measured using transwell systems.

Main Results:

LPS exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18) and downregulated claudin-1 and claudin-2.
Inulin pretreatment prevented claudin-1 and claudin-2 downregulation and upregulated occludin.
LPS increased Caco-2 monolayer permeability, an effect reversed by inulin pretreatment.

Conclusions:

Inulin effectively preserves intestinal barrier integrity against LPS-induced damage.
Inulin modulates tight junction protein expression, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory gut conditions.