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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Intramolecular Charge Transfer-Regulated Isomeric Covalent Organic Frameworks for Multiple Solvent-Response.

Ke Shi1, Yaze Chen1, Haijiao Peng1

  • 1Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Two new isomeric covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show distinct color changes in response to multiple solvents. This breakthrough enables advanced applications in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting technologies.

Keywords:
information encryptionisomeric covalent organic frameworksmultiple solvent‐responsivesolvatochromic properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Stimulus-responsive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit color changes upon exposure to external stimuli.
  • Investigating multiple solvent-responsive COFs is challenging due to synthesis difficulties and uncontrollable charge transfer processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel isomeric COFs with regulated intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) for distinct solvent responses.
  • To explore the potential of these COFs in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two novel isomeric COFs by modulating donor/acceptor distance and linkage.
  • Characterization of solvatochromic behaviors in water, acid, and halogenated solvents.
  • Analysis of ICT enhancement mechanisms via hydrogen bond, protonation, and halogen/π interactions.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized isomeric COFs displayed significantly distinct solvatochromic behaviors.
  • Multiple solvent responsiveness was attributed to varied ICT process enhancements through specific interactions.
  • The COFs demonstrated excellent performance as stimulation-responsive materials for image and data encryption.

Conclusions:

  • This work offers a new approach for designing multiple solvent-responsive COFs.
  • The developed COFs show promising potential for advanced applications in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.