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An Oral Health Promotion Strategy for Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disability: An Exploratory
Stephen R Shamblen1, Bonnie O Richard1, Melissa H Abadi1
1Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Journal of Public Health Dentistry
|March 25, 2025
Summary
A training program improved oral health care skills for support professionals assisting individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). While initial results showed some oral health improvements, long-term effects require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Disability Studies
- Oral Health
Background:
- Individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently face poorer oral health outcomes.
- Effective strategies are needed to improve oral hygiene and dental care for this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate a comprehensive strategy involving skills-based training for direct support professionals (DSPs) and individualized oral health planning for residents with IDD.
- To determine if this intervention improves DSPs' oral health care practices and residents' oral health status.
Main Methods:
- A 16-week intervention including didactic and experiential training with in-home coaching was implemented in 19 IDD group homes.
- Control group homes (20) received educational brochures.
- Oral health outcomes, DSP skills, and behaviors were assessed at baseline, 4 months, and 12 months post-intervention.
Main Results:
- The intervention positively impacted DSPs' oral health skills and behaviors.
- Residents in the intervention group showed improved oral health outcomes specifically in the lower anterior sextant.
- Most intervention effects diminished by the 12-month follow-up assessment.
Conclusions:
- Skills-based training and coaching can enhance DSPs' oral health competencies and practices.
- The strategy demonstrated potential for improving resident oral health, though effects were localized and not sustained long-term.
- Further research is necessary to develop comprehensive methods for assessing and improving oral health outcomes in residents with IDD.
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