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Bacterial lysis or survival after infection with phage Sf14 depends on combined nutrient and temperature conditions

Nykki D Ross1, Alexis L Chin1, Archana Pannuri1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Environmental factors like temperature and nutrients impact Shigella flexneri phage Sf14 infection. Nutrient-rich conditions shorten infection cycles, while low nutrients amplify temperature

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Bacteriophage Research

Background:

  • Shigella flexneri is a human pathogen.
  • Bacteriophage Sf14 is a Moogle-like myovirus infecting S. flexneri.
  • Moogleviruses are recently discovered, with limited mechanistic knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate combined effects of temperature and nutrient concentration on S. flexneri growth and Sf14 phage replication.
  • Determine optimal conditions for phage infection cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 16 different conditions combining temperature and nutrient concentrations.
  • Monitored host cell replication and phage production under varying environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Nutrient-rich media supported shorter infection cycles and phage production across all tested temperatures.
  • Lower nutrient concentrations made temperature a significant factor influencing both host and phage replication.
  • Phage genomes were expressed, but with a notable delay, potentially hindering phage proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient availability is a primary driver of Sf14 phage infection dynamics.
  • Temperature exerts a significant influence on host-phage interactions, especially in nutrient-limited environments.
  • Delayed gene expression in Sf14 infection may allow S. flexneri populations to evade phage predation.

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