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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats
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[Quadriceps Tendon and Patellar Tendon Rupture].

Christian Arras, Matthias Krause, Karl-Heinz Frosch

    Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und Unfallchirurgie
    |March 25, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures are serious injuries influenced by age and degeneration. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgery for complete tears, are crucial for favorable outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures are rare but severe injuries.
    • Incidence rates are 1.37/100000 for quadriceps and 0.68/100000 for patellar tendons.
    • Risk factors include age, degeneration, and systemic diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures.
    • To highlight the importance of vascularity in tendon rupture risk.
    • To discuss optimal management and rehabilitation strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of epidemiological data and clinical studies.
    • Analysis of risk factors, including age, degeneration, and systemic conditions.

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  • Summary of diagnostic modalities (clinical, ultrasound, MRI) and treatment options (conservative, surgical).

    • Main Results:

    • Quadriceps ruptures affect individuals over 50; patellar ruptures are more common in younger, active individuals.
    • Indirect trauma from eccentric loading or reflexive contraction is the primary mechanism for quadriceps ruptures.
    • Diagnosis is clinical, supported by imaging; treatment varies from conservative management to surgical repair with transosseous sutures or anchors.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis and treatment, including functional rehabilitation, are key for favorable prognosis.
    • Understanding rupture mechanisms and histopathology aids in determining causes and insurance coverage.
    • Vascularity plays a role in tendon integrity and rupture risk.