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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Yaws Circulating in Nonhuman Primates, Uganda and Rwanda.

Tony L Goldberg, Leah A Owens, Julius Nziza

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    |March 25, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue, was found in 33% of primates across 9 species in Uganda and Rwanda. This discovery highlights a potential threat to both public health and wildlife conservation efforts in the region.

    Keywords:
    East AfricaRwandaTreponema pallidum pertenueUgandabacterianonhuman primatesyawszoonoses

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    Area of Science:

    • Primate Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Yaws is a tropical infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue.
    • Nonhuman primates are known to be susceptible to yaws, but prevalence in African wildlife remains poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum pertenue in nonhuman primates in Uganda and Rwanda.
    • To identify novel genomic lineages of the bacterium and understand its epidemiological dynamics in the region.

    Main Methods:

    • Serological testing for T. pallidum pertenue antibodies in nonhuman primate populations.
    • Genomic sequencing to identify bacterial lineages.
    • Field observations during a yaws outbreak.

    Main Results:

    • 33% seropositivity for T. pallidum pertenue was observed across 9 nonhuman primate species.
    • Seroconversion was documented during a lethal yaws outbreak.
    • A novel genomic lineage of T. pallidum pertenue was identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Yaws is prevalent in nonhuman primates in Uganda and Rwanda, indicating a significant public health and conservation concern.
    • The identified novel lineage may have implications for disease transmission and control.
    • Further research is needed to assess the full impact of yaws on primate populations and potential zoonotic risks.