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Extending the Lifespan of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries with a Sodium Acetate Additive
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Dual-Additive Synergistic Complementation Electrolyte Engineering with "Job-Sharing" Modulation Mechanism for

Haidan Lu1, Bowen Yin2, Tianyu Zhang3

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.

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|March 25, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces lactulose and caffeine as electrolyte additives to improve zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs). These additives enhance zinc deposition and reduce polyiodide shuttling, enabling long-lasting and stable battery performance.

Keywords:
Zn anodeZn-iodine batteriescaffeinedual-additive synergistic complementation electrolytelactulose

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) offer cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits but face challenges with zinc anode reversibility and polyiodide shuttling.
  • These limitations hinder the practical, large-scale application of ZIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an electrolyte engineering strategy to overcome the limitations of ZIBs.
  • To enhance zinc ion transport, improve zinc deposition reversibility, and boost iodine conversion kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-additive approach using lactulose and caffeine in a 1 M ZnSO4 electrolyte was employed.
  • Lactulose was investigated for its role in reducing Zn2+ desolvation barriers and increasing transference numbers.
  • Caffeine was studied for its function as an interfacial stabilizer on the zinc anode and for immobilizing polyiodides.

Main Results:

  • Lactulose facilitated Zn2+ transport and improved reversibility by interacting with coordinated water and sulfate ions.
  • Caffeine promoted (002)-textured zinc plating and effectively immobilized triiodide ions (I3-).
  • The modified Zn//Zn cells demonstrated dendrite-free cycling for 3500 hours and sustained performance at high discharge depths.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic effect of lactulose and caffeine provides a practical strategy for developing long-lifespan ZIBs.
  • This electrolyte engineering method addresses key challenges in ZIB technology, paving the way for improved energy storage solutions.