Investigation of the physical driving mechanisms of wind noise in hearing devices by computational fluid dynamics

Wind noise impairs the functionality of hearing aids and hearables outdoors or during sports by interfering with communication signals. This study aims to visualize the wind noise generation patterns around the human head by validated scale-resolved flow simulations. For the first time, the three-dimensional turbulent flow field at wind speeds of 10 km/h and 20 km/h around a female, a male and an artificial head is analyzed. It is possible to extract non-accessible data even inside the body, e.g., the pressure field deep inside the ear cavity in front of the eardrum. Head-geometry-independent flow features are identified. In the temple area, large-scale vortex shedding occurs. Small-scale vortices detach at the upper edge of the pinna and across the entire ear area. At typical microphone positions of behind the ear worn hearing devices, the pressure fluctuations are more pronounced than those at the auditory canal entrance. The tragus of the pinna plays a decisive role in attenuating wind noise in front of the entrance to the auditory canal. Anatomically exact ear canals ensure that velocity fluctuations are attenuated more effectively compared to an artificial one. At 20 km/h, the A-weighted pressure levels recorded at the microphone location of a behind the ear worn hearing devices exceed 85 dB(A). The results lead to a first understanding of wind noise effects and how they increase the perception threshold for recognition. Manufacturers can use the model to facilitate the wind noise optimal placement of microphones in new products to enhance communication under windy conditions.