A comprehensive review of carbon dioxide capture, transportation, utilization, and storage: a source of future energy

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a harmful gas generated every day by burning fossil fuels in industry, automobiles, firing smoke, and so on. Excessive carbon dioxide creates global warming and severe health issues for humans and animals. Hence, CO₂ generation and emissions must be minimized. Alternatively, finding ways to capture, store, and utilize carbon dioxide could solve this problem of global warming and health hazards. Hence, this review presents and proposes carbon dioxide capture, transportation, utilization, and storage (CCTUS) to generate energy for future development. This work shows CCTUS technology for mitigating CO₂ emissions. This review presents pre, post, and oxy-fuel combustion to capture and utilize carbon dioxide emissions to convert electrical energy, hydrogen, and water. The paper also presents less focused options (algae, biochar, nanotechnology, and so on) for capturing CO₂. This work also explores different transportation and storage options with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the potential of CO₂ utilization for future fuels including methanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, and biofuel has been shown. This review presents that CO₂ can be used in producing valuable products like chemicals, fuels, and biofuels, and this review emphasizes its role in creating economic incentives and enhancing the sustainability of CCTUS technologies. By integrating recent research findings and technological innovations, this paper provides a holistic view of CCTUS, underscoring its critical role in achieving long-term climate goals and industrial sustainability.