Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

States of Water01:23

States of Water

50.4K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
50.4K
Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

50.3K
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a...
50.3K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.2K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.2K
Role of Water in Human Biology01:27

Role of Water in Human Biology

8.1K
Water is the one of the most significant components of the human body; it plays a crucial role in several physiological activities because of its unique physicochemical properties. Importantly, it helps to regulate body temperature and is the chief component of several body fluids.
Water's Solvent Properties
Since water is a polar molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it. Therefore, it is referred to as a solvent, a...
8.1K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

63.1K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
63.1K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

6.9K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How Water Exclusion Accelerates Reactions in Enzyme Active Sites and Supramolecular Cavitands.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Mechanism of Hydrogen Peroxide Formation on Sprayed Water Microdroplets.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023
Same author

Comment on "Liquid-Gas Interface of Iron Aqueous Solutions and Fenton Reagents".

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2022
Same author

Role of Ferryl Ion Intermediates in Fast Fenton Chemistry on Aqueous Microdroplets.

Environmental science & technology·2021
Same author

Stability of Monoterpene-Derived α-Hydroxyalkyl-Hydroperoxides in Aqueous Organic Media: Relevance to the Fate of Hydroperoxides in Aerosol Particle Phases.

Environmental science & technology·2020
Same author

Comment on "The chemical reactions in electrosprays of water do not always correspond to those at the pristine air-water interface" by A. Gallo Jr, A. S. F. Farinha, M. Dinis, A.-H. Emwas, A. Santana, R. J. Nielsen, W. A. Goddard III and H. Mishra, <i>Chem. Sci.</i>, 2019, <b>10</b>, 2566.

Chemical science·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.3K

Physical Chemistry of Water Microdroplets.

Agustín J Colussi1

  • 1California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Forced aerosolization of water accelerates reactions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation. This occurs due to ion dehydration in interfacial water, not internal electric fields, boosting reaction rates in microdroplets.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Aerosol Science
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Aerosolized water microdroplets exhibit unexplained reaction accelerations and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation.
  • These phenomena are often incorrectly assumed to be spontaneous or caused by internal electric fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the mechanisms behind reaction accelerations and H2O2 formation in aerosolized water.
  • To investigate the role of interfacial water properties and ion behavior in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of reaction energetics in bulk versus interfacial water.
  • Examination of ion dehydration and free energy changes at the water-air interface.
  • Comparison of unimolecular and bimolecular reaction dynamics in different water environments.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method
07:18

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 14, 2019

6.6K
Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.3K
Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method
07:18

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 14, 2019

6.6K
Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

8.1K

Main Results:

  • Reaction acceleration and H2O2 formation are driven by forced aerosolization, not spontaneous processes.
  • Internal electric fields are not the cause; external fields are required for electrical activation.
  • Partial dehydration of hydroxide (HO-) and hydrogen (H+) ions in low-density interfacial water increases their free energy, facilitating electron transfer.
  • Bimolecular reaction accelerations result from increased molecular encounter frequencies and reduced entropic losses in interfacial water.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the non-spontaneous nature of reactions in aerosolized water.
  • Ion dehydration at the interface is the key enabler for H2O2 formation.
  • Interfacial water dynamics significantly influence reaction kinetics, explaining observed accelerations.