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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Updated: May 20, 2025

Isolation of Primary Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from a Syngeneic Murine Model of Breast Cancer for the Study of Targeted Nanoparticles
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Cancer immunotherapy by silencing transcription factor c-Rel using peptide-based nanoparticles.

Shuyao Lang1,2, Yuxuan Zhu1, Zibin Tan1,2

  • 1Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates that peptide-based nanoparticles effectively target myeloid c-Rel, a key immune checkpoint. This approach reduces immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells, enhancing anti-tumor immunity and reducing tumor growth in mice.

Keywords:
NF-κBc-Relcancer immunotherapyimmune checkpointmyeloid-derived suppressor cellstumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy faces challenges with low response rates and efficacy in solid tumors.
  • Myeloid c-Rel is an immune checkpoint on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Targeting myeloid c-Rel is a potential strategy to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using siRNA-loaded peptide-based nanoparticles to knock down myeloid c-Rel.
  • To evaluate this strategy as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmed knockdown of c-Rel gene in MDSCs using siRNA-loaded peptide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.
  • Assessed the impact of c-Rel silencing on MDSC number and immune suppressive function.
  • Evaluated anti-tumor efficacy in mice with subcutaneous B16 tumors, monitoring tumor growth and immune cell infiltration.

Main Results:

  • c-Rel siRNA nanoparticles significantly reduced c-Rel expression in MDSCs.
  • Treatment diminished MDSC number and immune suppressive function, while enhancing intratumor CD8+ T cell responses.
  • Significantly reduced tumor growth was observed in mice treated with c-Rel siRNA nanoparticles compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Peptide-based nanoparticles can effectively target the myeloid immune checkpoint c-Rel.
  • This targeted knockdown of c-Rel represents a promising new strategy for cancer immunotherapy.